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Briza maxima

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Briza

big quaking grass

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Glabrous annuals.

Stems: Culms 30–60 cm tall, erect or sometimes decumbent at base.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades 10–30 cm long, 3–8 mm wide. Apex acute. Base continuous with sheath. Surfaces glabrous, scaberulous along the edges. Margins entire. Sheaths 4–8 cm long, usually scarious on margins; ligule 3–5 mm long, membranous. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in panicles drooping, 5–8 cm long, with few spikelets; spikelets 10–20 mm long, 7–12 mm wide, 9–15–flowered, ovate, on flexuous pedicels; glumes prominently 7–nerved, broad, chartaceous, obtuse, scarious, margins usually brown, first glume 5–5.5 mm long, second glume 6–6.5 mm long; lemmas 8–9 mm long, 7–9–nerved, chartaceous, base cordate, acute, margins usually scarious and brown or purple, upper part pilose; palea cuneate or obtuse, 3–3.5 mm long, keels ciliate.

Fruit: Caryopsis dark brown; 2.5–2.7 mm long; 1.5–1.7 mm wide; keeled; beaked.

Ploidy: 2n = 14

Habitat: Cultivated and sparingly naturalized along roadsides; in pastures; and other disturbed areas.

Elevation Range: 610–1,070 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 70 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1504 (K, M, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Briza maxima L. kokee, mohihi rosd, camp sloggett PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. et al. collector number: 5369 Molokai BISH 5/26/1984
2 Briza maxima L. kukui trail Growing at trail head PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. collector number: 1630 Kauai BISH 4/12/1976
3 Briza maxima L. summit of kukui trail, waimea canyon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1089 Kauai BISH 4/27/1968
4 Briza maxima L. makawao, pulehu Occasional PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1833 Maui BISH 3/4/1937
5 Briza maxima L. Hamakua, Kukaiau, Kukaiau Ranch In pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, D.M.L. s.n. Hawaii BISH 6/1/1937
6 Briza maxima L. Makawao, Pulehu Occasional PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1833 Maui BISH 4/13/1937
7 Briza maxima L. east maui, piiholo reservoir, makawao forest reserve Growing sparsely in sterile soil below the reservoir. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1374 Maui BISH 4/30/1982
8 Briza maxima L. east maui, makawao Occasional in pasture, doing well. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1833 Maui BISH 4/13/1937
9 Briza maxima L. hamakua, kukaiau, kukaiau ranch wet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, d.m.l. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1937
10 Briza maxima L. East Maui, Makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lyon, H.L. s.n. Maui BISH 5/15/1917
11 Briza maxima L. Kokee; Puuhinahina Lookout PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 445 Kauai BISH 6/6/1983
12 Briza maxima L. kokee; puuhinahina lookout PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 445 Kauai BISH 6/6/1983
13 Briza maxima L. southwest of puu kolekole in broad, flat gulch bottom Growing with Stellaria media, Rubus rosifolius and Melinis minutiflora in disturbed native scrub of Dodonaea, Pleomele, Styphelia, Scaevola, and Lysimachia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 777 Molokai BISH 5/21/1982
14 Briza maxima L. Kokee; Puuhinahina Lookout. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 445 Kauai PTBG 6/6/1983
15 Briza maxima L. waimea canyon, kukui trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1089 Kauai BISH 4/27/1968
16 Briza maxima L. Summit of Kukui Trail, Waimea Canyon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 1089 Kauai PTBG 4/27/1968
17 Briza maxima L. East Maui, Piiholo Reservoir, Makawao Forest Reserve Growing sparsely in sterile soil below the reservoir. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1374 Maui BISH 4/30/1982
18 Briza maxima L. parker ranch, puu kapu old grass experimental plot PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 219 Maui BISH 5/20/1932
19 Briza maxima L. East Maui, Makawao Occasional in pasture, doing well. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1833 Maui BISH 4/13/1937
20 Briza maxima L. east maui, makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lyon, h.l. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 5/15/1917
21 Briza maxima L. dodonea, metrosideros, acacia, koa. red volcanic substrate. kukui trail, waimea canyon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. thorne thorne 10266 MO 5/24/1992
22 Briza maxima L. makawao, maui. naturalized along road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 19571 NY 5/13/1949
23 Briza maxima L. summit of kukui trail, waimea canyon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 1089 Kauai US 4/27/1968
24 Briza maxima L. Kokee State Park, along Hwy. 550 near NASA Tracking Station. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 832 Kauai PTBG 4/25/1984
25 Briza maxima L. Waimea Canyon State Park, Hwy 550 near mile 12. Heavily disturbed Acacia koa forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 6144 Kauai PTBG 4/28/1997
26 Briza maxima L. Koke'e State Park, Mohihi Road, near Camp Sloggett PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Miller, S. W.; Russell, C.; Cessaro, R. 5369 Kauai US 5/26/1984
27 Briza maxima L. hamakua, kukaiau, kukaiau ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. forbes s.n. Hawaii US
28 Briza maxima L. Summit of Kukui Trail, Waimea Canyon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 1089 Kauai US 4/27/1968
29 Briza maxima L. koke'e state park, mohihi road, near camp sloggett PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, s. w. miller, c. russell & r. cessaro 5369 Kauai US 5/26/1984
30 Briza maxima L. Summit of Kukui Trail, Waimea Canyon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1089 Kauai BISH 4/27/1968
31 Briza maxima L. Makawao, Maui. Naturalized along road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19571 US 5/13/1949
32 Briza maxima L. Waimea Canyon, Kukui trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1089 Kauai BISH 4/27/1968
33 Briza maxima L. Hamakua, Kukaiau, Kukaiau Ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, D. M. s.n. Hawaii US 6/1/1937
34 Briza maxima L. W. Maui, Manawainui Gulch. In pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H60139 Maui PTBG 6/17/2001
35 Briza maxima L. Parker Ranch, Puu Kapu Old grass experimental plot PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 219 Hawaii BISH 5/20/1932
36 Briza maxima L. Kokee, Mohihi Rosd, Camp Sloggett disturbed roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5369 Kauai BISH 5/26/1984
37 Briza maxima L. Southwest of Puu Kolekole in broad, flat gulch bottom Growing with Stellaria media, Rubus rosifolius and Melinis minutiflora in disturbed native scrub of Dodonaea, Pleomele, Styphelia, Scaevola, and Lysimachia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 777 Molokai BISH 5/21/1982
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